With the continuous intensification of global climate change, environmental pollution and other issues, “clean energy” has become a hot topic on a global scale. As a renewable energy source, clean energy can not only meet the growing energy needs of human society, but also alleviate the current energy crisis and environmental problems to a certain…
Many microorganisms accumulate compatible solutes to counteract external pressures such as high osmotic pressure, high temperature, drying, and freezing. Among numerous compatible solutes, tetrahydropyrimidine stands out for its significant efficacy in effectively protecting halophilic cells from osmotic pressure imbalance and maintaining the stability of intracellular biomolecules. Recent studies have shown that tetrahydropyrimidine has the potential…
Enzymes are important biological catalysts in all living cells: they facilitate chemical reactions, through which all molecules important for living organisms are produced from specific substrates. Most living organisms possess thousands of different enzymes, each of which is responsible for a very specific reaction. The combined action of all enzymes constitutes the metabolic system, which…
Enzymes, as highly efficient catalysts evolved from nature, have fast turnover rates and precise specificity. Improving enzyme catalytic activity and stability is crucial in various biological, medical, and industrial applications. Multiple computational methods have been used to study the performance of enzyme variants, but accurately simulating the impact of mutants on enzyme catalytic ability remains…
1. Introduction to Codon Optimization Codon optimization represents an influential molecular biology method that modifies a gene’s nucleotide sequence to enhance protein production in a target organism. Scientists achieve improved translation efficiency and protein yield while preserving functional integrity when they match the gene’s codon usage to the host’s translational system. Achieving high expression levels…
The protein engineering and drug discovery domains have undergone transformative changes due to mRNA display and ribosome display technologies which allow scientists to study protein functionality and evolve enzymes while identifying novel therapeutic agents. These techniques allow for the examination of extensive protein and peptide libraries although their operational principles and practical uses show significant…
The field of protein engineering and drug discovery now benefits from mRNA display technology as an effective means to identify proteins and antibodies with high affinity alongside peptides. Custom mRNA display libraries represent the fundamental element of this technology because they enable the identification of functional molecules. This blog post examines the techniques and innovative…
mRNA Display: Revolutionizing Drug Discovery Through In Vitro Evolution Introduction The identification of new drugs traditionally depended on examining natural substances or creating small molecular structures that interact with proteins. Traditional methods find many disease-related proteins like protein-protein interaction elements to be “undruggable.” Through mRNA display technology, scientists can now conduct in vitro evolution to produce…
Succinic acid is a 4-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Not only a major intermediate in the TCA, it is also a major raw material in food, pharmaceutical and chemical production. Since the market for sustainable development is increasing, renewable energy for microbial fermentation of succinic acid is gaining traction in the industry. But old-school fermentation tends to be coupled with…
Driven by the global fossil fuel crisis and environmental issues, the development of biotechnology-based renewable fuels and chemicals has become a research hotspot. As an ideal petroleum alternative, n-butanol has attracted attention due to its superior fuel properties (high energy density, low volatility) and wide range of industrial uses. However, traditional butanol production relies on…
L-maleic acid is a four carbon dicarboxylic acid found in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. L-malic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), one of the 12 most promising biobased platform chemicals – according to the US Department of Energy. Yet industrial production today mainly depends on chemical production of petrochemical raw materials and…
Introduction A brief introduction to CRISPR-Cas9 technology CRISPR-Cas9 technology is a revolutionary gene editing tool based on the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) system found in bacteria and archaea. This system originally existed as a defense mechanism against phage infection. CRISPR-Cas9 technology uses Cas9 protein and guide RNA (gRNA) to identify and cut…
CRlSPR/Cas9 is an acquired immune system used by bacteria and paleontological bacteria to resist the invasion of genetic material such as foreign plasmids or bacteriophages. The CRlSPR/Cas9 technology was used to establish a mammalian genome-wide mutation library or a gene mutant library related to a certain type of function, and the genes related to the…
Gene editing is an emerging genetic engineering technology that can modify specific target genes in the genome of organisms. Gene editing can efficiently perform site-directed genome editing, so it has shown great application prospects in gene research, gene therapy and gene breeding. To date, CRISPR/Cas9 has been widely used in the scientific community as an…
