Succinic acid is a 4-carbon dicarboxylic acid. Not only a major intermediate in the TCA, it is also a major raw material in food, pharmaceutical and chemical production. Since the market for sustainable development is increasing, renewable energy for microbial fermentation of succinic acid is gaining traction in the industry. But old-school fermentation tends to be coupled with…
Driven by the global fossil fuel crisis and environmental issues, the development of biotechnology-based renewable fuels and chemicals has become a research hotspot. As an ideal petroleum alternative, n-butanol has attracted attention due to its superior fuel properties (high energy density, low volatility) and wide range of industrial uses. However, traditional butanol production relies on…
L-maleic acid is a four carbon dicarboxylic acid found in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. L-malic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), one of the 12 most promising biobased platform chemicals – according to the US Department of Energy. Yet industrial production today mainly depends on chemical production of petrochemical raw materials and…
What Are Gene Fragments? Gene fragments are short sequences of DNA that represent a portion of a gene or a collection of genes. These fragments are synthetically constructed to match exact sequences required for various scientific and medical applications. Unlike full genes, gene fragments are smaller and easier to handle, making them ideal for use…
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main cancers that threaten life and health, causing a serious social burden. Long term use of NSAIDs can significantly reduce its incidence rate, but it can not be completely prevented and treated. Resection is an early intervention measure that can be combined with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but…
L-theanine is a source of fresh and unique flavor in tea, and its content affects the quality and price of tea. theanine has various positive effects on human health, such as antioxidant, anxiety relief, anti-tumor, memory improvement, blood vessel improvement, and immune enhancement. Therefore, L-theanine, as a multifunctional food additive, has attracted much attention due…
Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound with good biological activity. It exists in the plant turmeric and has low water solubility. It has great potential as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti diabetes drug. Therefore, curcumin is considered a safe and promising drug that can be used to prevent and treat various diseases. Curcumin is mainly…
As an important component of mammalian cell expression system, CHO cells can be genetically engineered to optimize their metabolic pathways, improve the expression efficiency of exogenous proteins, enhance their adaptability and stability, and provide strong support for the research and production of biopharmaceutical products. In the previous issue, we introduced commonly used methods for genetic…
Research background Lutein is a key carotenoid pigment used in plant photosynthesis, and it is also crucial for maintaining human health. For example, lutein has a protective effect on the eyes and also has antioxidant properties, inhibiting the damage of oxygen free radicals to cells. However, due to the abundance of related coding genes, there…
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a system based on CRISPR. This editing allows ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes to be directed and bind to target DNA, interfering with RNA polymerase (RNAP) to inhibit transcription initiation or elongation. Unlike the CRISPR/Cas9 system, CRISPRi allows for a reduction in gene expression by expressing dCas9 or sgRNA under inducible promoters, thereby…