What is miRNA MiRNA generally refers to micro RNA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non coding single stranded RNA molecules with a length of approximately 19-24nt encoded by endogenous genes, which participate in post transcriptional gene expression regulation in animals and plants. MiRNAs are usually located between genes or in intronic regions, so it…
Metabolic engineering is a powerful field that combines the principles of biology, chemistry, and engineering to optimize genetic and regulatory processes within cells. This process aims to enhance the production of specific substances. E.coli, a model organism with well-characterized genetics, rapid growth, and versatility, plays a significant role in metabolic engineering. Let’s explore the impact…
In cells, DNA often exists in the form of double stranded helices, and in its active state, it may appear in a single stranded form, participating in biological processes such as replication and transcription. SsDNA (single stranded DNA), also known as single stranded DNA, can be used as a template for homology directed repair (HDR)…
The function of proteins is programmed and determined by the genetic information of organisms, which have evolved in nature. However, the characteristics formed during natural selection and evolution sometimes do not meet the strict standards and conditions required in industrial production or medical applications. For example, insufficient protein stability in extreme industrial environments, or direct…
April 25th is DNA day, a big day in the history of biology, because 68 years ago, on April 25th, 1953, James Watson, Francis Crick, and their colleagues published a paper on the double helix structure of DNA in Nature. Since then, the mystery of DNA structure that has plagued generations has been solved, and…
Plasmid DNA is a small double stranded circular DNA molecule that is exposed (without protein binding), structurally simple, independent of bacterial nucleoid DNA, and has the ability to self replicate. Image plasmids usually carry only a small number of genes, especially those related to antibiotic resistance; In addition, plasmids can be transmitted between different bacterial…
1、 DNA source The double stranded length of DNA is commonly described in units of bp, Kb, Mb, and Gb. 1bp=one base pair; 1kb=1000bp; 1Mb=1000kb; 1Gb=1000Mb. The length of a single stranded DNA is represented by nt, where 10nt=10 base lengths of a single stranded DNA. 1. Genomic DNA (gDNA) Eukaryotes, double stranded linear DNA…
In recent years, CRISPR gene editing technology has attracted great attention due to its enormous potential in the treatment of hereditary diseases. However, the potential off target effects that may occur during gene editing have always been an important safety concern. In addition, different populations have different genetic information, which poses great difficulties in accurately…
Metabolic engineering refers to the purposeful modification and modification of cellular metabolic pathways using genetic engineering techniques, altering cellular characteristics, and producing specific target products. Metabolic engineering has a history of 30 years since its development. From traditional modification techniques such as knocking out byproduct generation pathways, releasing product synthesis inhibition, and overexpressing key enzymes…
1、 Phenylalanine metabolism Phenylalanine (PA) has racemic DL type, L type, and D type. L-type is an essential amino acid for humans and animals, with a molecular weight of 165.2. It belongs to the aromatic amino acid group and mainly participates in the composition of various protein components, which can only be obtained from food….