In the biopharmaceutical process, cell lines play a crucial role as a marker for the activation of CMC. A good cell line can not only reduce the difficulty of CMC development, but also greatly reduce the cost of drug development. However, the development of cell lines is a long and complex process, with multiple stages…
What Are Gene Fragments? Gene fragments are short sequences of DNA that represent a portion of a gene or a collection of genes. These fragments are synthetically constructed to match exact sequences required for various scientific and medical applications. Unlike full genes, gene fragments are smaller and easier to handle, making them ideal for use…
What is miRNA MiRNA generally refers to micro RNA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non coding single stranded RNA molecules with a length of approximately 19-24nt encoded by endogenous genes, which participate in post transcriptional gene expression regulation in animals and plants. MiRNAs are usually located between genes or in intronic regions, so it…
Metabolic engineering is a powerful field that combines the principles of biology, chemistry, and engineering to optimize genetic and regulatory processes within cells. This process aims to enhance the production of specific substances. E.coli, a model organism with well-characterized genetics, rapid growth, and versatility, plays a significant role in metabolic engineering. Let’s explore the impact…
In cells, DNA often exists in the form of double stranded helices, and in its active state, it may appear in a single stranded form, participating in biological processes such as replication and transcription. SsDNA (single stranded DNA), also known as single stranded DNA, can be used as a template for homology directed repair (HDR)…
The function of proteins is programmed and determined by the genetic information of organisms, which have evolved in nature. However, the characteristics formed during natural selection and evolution sometimes do not meet the strict standards and conditions required in industrial production or medical applications. For example, insufficient protein stability in extreme industrial environments, or direct…
What are the minimum genes required for a cell to survive? To answer this question, researchers adopted a design build test cycle strategy to synthesize a Mycoplasma filamentosum chromosome containing only 473 genes, and it can replicate and produce free living bacterial cells during the experimental observation cycle [2]. This smallest cell removed 428 genes…
April 25th is DNA day, a big day in the history of biology, because 68 years ago, on April 25th, 1953, James Watson, Francis Crick, and their colleagues published a paper on the double helix structure of DNA in Nature. Since then, the mystery of DNA structure that has plagued generations has been solved, and…
Plasmid DNA is a small double stranded circular DNA molecule that is exposed (without protein binding), structurally simple, independent of bacterial nucleoid DNA, and has the ability to self replicate. Image plasmids usually carry only a small number of genes, especially those related to antibiotic resistance; In addition, plasmids can be transmitted between different bacterial…
1、 DNA source The double stranded length of DNA is commonly described in units of bp, Kb, Mb, and Gb. 1bp=one base pair; 1kb=1000bp; 1Mb=1000kb; 1Gb=1000Mb. The length of a single stranded DNA is represented by nt, where 10nt=10 base lengths of a single stranded DNA. 1. Genomic DNA (gDNA) Eukaryotes, double stranded linear DNA…