High precision bioengineering and synthetic biology require fine-tuning of gene expression at the transcriptional and post transcriptional levels, and gene transcription itself is strictly regulated by promoters and terminators. Promoters include core promoters and distal promoters (Figure 1), which can determine the practice, organization, and cellular level of gene expression. The terminator is inserted into…
Since the 1990s, the lotion of triterpene squalene ((6E, 10E, 14E, 18E) -2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-tetraeicosane -2,6,10,14,18,22-hexene, CAS 111-02-4) has been used as an adjuvant of influenza vaccine. Other indications such as tuberculosis, malaria, schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis are being evaluated clinically. Except for aluminum oxide salts, squalene based emulsions are the most commonly used vaccine adjuvants in licensed…
Introduction Compared with methods such as chemical synthesis, using engineering microorganisms to produce high value-added products is a very attractive approach. However, when long and complex compound synthesis pathways are introduced into cells, such as isoprene like compounds, cells activate some regulatory mechanisms to respond to changes in the external environment and achieve their…
Research background: Phenylpropanoid compounds such as p-CA are important precursors for the synthesis of various plant secondary metabolites, including stilbenes, flavonoids, and lignans. These compounds have pharmacological significance due to their beneficial health properties. Although it is feasible to extract or chemically synthesize p-coumaric acid from plant raw materials, the use of glucose for…
In enzyme engineering, life and death selection allows for the rapid and direct identification of efficient biocatalysts from a large library. However, the evolution of biocatalysts (related to industry) based on life and death selection is challenging as they require highly reliable strategies to artificially link their activity to host survival. Recently, Clemens Mayer…
A synthetic P. putida consortium for simultaneous TPA and EG degradation. In response to the astonishing growth of global plastic pollution, researchers have developed a synthetic microbial ecosystem that can collectively upgrade plastics to the required chemicals. Researchers did not attempt to synthesize a single organism that could complete all the upgrading and recycling steps, but instead…
The unique sulfur-based chemical properties of thiols play an important role in the protection of cellular function and components. The body has evolved to rely on highly abundant low molecular weight thiols, such as glutathione (GSH), to maintain redox balance, but also play other important roles, including xenobiotic detoxification and signal transduction. Some of these…
Hydroxypropyltetrahydropyranotriol is the main functional component of Pro Xylane and has multiple possible isomeric configurations. We used HPLC method to compare and analyze the active components of multiple commercially available bosomes, and experimentally verified that the differential isomerization reaction is a condition for their different configurations. The experimental results indicate that the boson generated…
Pleuromutilin congeners is a broad-spectrum diterpenoid antibiotic produced by Clitopilus passekerianus and related fungi. In order to develop the biotechnology potential of such natural products, it is crucial to fully understand their biosynthetic pathways. Previously, the pathway for biosynthesis of pleuromutilin congeners has been determined (Figure 1). In this article, the author reports two pathways…
Research background Paclitaxel is a well-known anti-tumor natural product. Over the past two decades, an important bottleneck in the early biosynthesis of paclitaxel has been the heterologous expression of cytochrome P450 (including paclitadiene 5) in the biosynthesis pathway α- Hydroxylase (T5 α H) Hybridity of multiple products). These byproducts will metabolize from the precursor taxadien-5…